MKK Signaling and Embryonic Vascularization References Chart

This table from the Duesbery lab shows primary references relating to the roles of MKK signaling and embryonic vascularization revealed in gene targeting experiments. This table was featured in Oncogene external link:

Depeille PE, Ding Y, Bromberg-White JL, Duesbery NS (2007). MKK signaling and vascularization. Oncogene external link. 26(9):1290-6.

Tier in Kinase Cascade Protein Gene Symbol Chr. (Human) Ensembl Gene ID Time of Death; observed vascular phenotype of knock-out References
MKKK
MEKK		 B-Raf BRAF 7q34 ENSG00000157764 external link E 10.5 - E12.5 ; lack of circulation in yolk sac, enlarged and irregular blood vessels incompletely lined with endothelial cells  (Wojnowski et al., 1997)
Raf-1 ARAF Xp11.23 ENSG00000078061 external link E10; reduced blood vessels in yolk sac (C57/BL6) and placenta (MF-1) (Huser et al., 2001)
MEKK1 MAP3K1 5q11.2 ENSG00000095015 external link E14.5; defect in definitive erythropoiesis (Bonnesen et al., 2005)
MEKK3 MAP3K3 17q23.3 ENSG00000198909 external link E11; reduced blood vessels in extraembryonic and embryonic tissues (Yang et al., 2000)
MEKK4 MAP3K4 6q26 ENSG00000085511 external link none noted (neural tube defects) (Chi et al., 2005)

MKK
MEK
MAPKK

 MEK1 MAP2K1 15q22.31 ENSG00000169032 external link E10.5; reduced blood vessels in labyrinthine layer of placenta (Giroux et al., 1999)
MEK2 MAP2K2 19p13.3 ENSG00000126934 external link none noted (no adverse effects upon health)  (Belanger et al., 2003)
MKK3 MAP2K3 17p11.2 ENSG00000034152 external link none noted (defects in cytokine signaling and T-cells) (Lu et al., 1999 ; Tanaka et al., 2002)
MKK4 MAP2K4 17Pp12 ENSG00000065559 external link E10.5-E12.5; none noted (defects in hepatogenesis) (Ganiatsas et al., 1998; Nishina et al., 1999)
MEK5 MAP2K5 15q23 ENSG00000137764 external link E10.5; cardiovascular defects (Wang et al., 2005)
MKK6 MAP2K6 17q24.3 ENSG00000108984 external link none noted (T-cell defects) (Tanaka et al., 2002)
MAPK ERK1 MAPK3 16p11.2 ENSG00000102882 external link none noted (T-cell defects) (Pages et al., 1999)
ERK2 MAPK1 22q11.21 ENSG00000100030 external link E7.5-E11; reduced blood vessels in labyrinthine layer of placenta (Hatano et al., 2003; Saba-El-Leil et al., 2003)
P38 α MAPK14 6p21.31 ENSG00000112062 external link E10.5; reduced blood vessels in labyrinthine layer of placenta (Tamura et al., 2000)
P38 β MAPK11 22q13.33 ENSG00000185386 external link none noted (no adverse effects upon health) (Beardmore et al., 2005)
ERK5 MAPK7 17p11.2 ENSG00000166484 external link E10-E11; embryonic blood vessels fail to mature; disrupts vascular integrity in adult mice (Hayashi et al., 2004; Regan et al., 2002 ; Sohn et al., 2002; Yan et al., 2003)
JNK1 MAPK8 10q11.22 ENSG00000107643 external link none noted (T-cell defects) (Dong et al., 1998)
JNK2 MAPK9 5q35.3 ENSG00000050748 external link none noted (T-cell defects) (Yang et al., 1998)

Abbreviations: ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, jun kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MEKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.