MKK Signaling and Embryonic Vascularization References Chart

This table from the Duesbery lab shows primary references relating to the roles of MKK signaling and embryonic vascularization revealed in gene targeting experiments. This table was featured in Oncogene :

Depeille PE, Ding Y, Bromberg-White JL, Duesbery NS (2007). MKK signaling and vascularization. Oncogene . 26(9):1290-6.

Tier in Kinase Cascade	Protein	Gene Symbol	Chr. (Human)	Ensembl Gene ID	Time of Death; observed vascular phenotype of knock-out	References
MKKK MEKK	B-Raf	BRAF	7q34	ENSG00000157764	E 10.5 - E12.5 ; lack of circulation in yolk sac, enlarged and irregular blood vessels incompletely lined with endothelial cells	(Wojnowski et al., 1997)
	Raf-1	ARAF	Xp11.23	ENSG00000078061	E10; reduced blood vessels in yolk sac (C57/BL6) and placenta (MF-1)	(Huser et al., 2001)
	MEKK1	MAP3K1	5q11.2	ENSG00000095015	E14.5; defect in definitive erythropoiesis	(Bonnesen et al., 2005)
	MEKK3	MAP3K3	17q23.3	ENSG00000198909	E11; reduced blood vessels in extraembryonic and embryonic tissues	(Yang et al., 2000)
	MEKK4	MAP3K4	6q26	ENSG00000085511	none noted (neural tube defects)	(Chi et al., 2005)
MKK MEK MAPKK	MEK1	MAP2K1	15q22.31	ENSG00000169032	E10.5; reduced blood vessels in labyrinthine layer of placenta	(Giroux et al., 1999)
	MEK2	MAP2K2	19p13.3	ENSG00000126934	none noted (no adverse effects upon health)	(Belanger et al., 2003)
	MKK3	MAP2K3	17p11.2	ENSG00000034152	none noted (defects in cytokine signaling and T-cells)	(Lu et al., 1999 ; Tanaka et al., 2002)
	MKK4	MAP2K4	17Pp12	ENSG00000065559	E10.5-E12.5; none noted (defects in hepatogenesis)	(Ganiatsas et al., 1998; Nishina et al., 1999)
	MEK5	MAP2K5	15q23	ENSG00000137764	E10.5; cardiovascular defects	(Wang et al., 2005)
	MKK6	MAP2K6	17q24.3	ENSG00000108984	none noted (T-cell defects)	(Tanaka et al., 2002)
MAPK	ERK1	MAPK3	16p11.2	ENSG00000102882	none noted (T-cell defects)	(Pages et al., 1999)
	ERK2	MAPK1	22q11.21	ENSG00000100030	E7.5-E11; reduced blood vessels in labyrinthine layer of placenta	(Hatano et al., 2003; Saba-El-Leil et al., 2003)
	P38 α	MAPK14	6p21.31	ENSG00000112062	E10.5; reduced blood vessels in labyrinthine layer of placenta	(Tamura et al., 2000)
	P38 β	MAPK11	22q13.33	ENSG00000185386	none noted (no adverse effects upon health)	(Beardmore et al., 2005)
	ERK5	MAPK7	17p11.2	ENSG00000166484	E10-E11; embryonic blood vessels fail to mature; disrupts vascular integrity in adult mice	(Hayashi et al., 2004; Regan et al., 2002 ; Sohn et al., 2002; Yan et al., 2003)
	JNK1	MAPK8	10q11.22	ENSG00000107643	none noted (T-cell defects)	(Dong et al., 1998)
	JNK2	MAPK9	5q35.3	ENSG00000050748	none noted (T-cell defects)	(Yang et al., 1998)

Abbreviations: ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, jun kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MEKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.